Glossary

Medications that prevent histamine from binding to receptors. However, they do not break histamine down; they only blunt its effect. In this way, they differ from DAO supplementation.

A group of chemical substances resulting from the decarboxylation of amino acids. Histamine is the best-known biogenic amine.

Substances that reduce the activity of the DAO enzyme, which worsens the breakdown of histamine.

The main enzyme responsible for breaking down histamine in the body. Its deficiency is related to HIT.

The moment a mast cell empties its storage vesicles and releases histamine and other inflammatory substances into its surroundings. This can be triggered by an allergen, but also by medication, heat, or stress.

Temporary exclusion of foods with a high histamine content to determine the body's reactions and subsequent gradual inclusion.

The process by which microorganisms convert substances. It is key in HIT because it increases the histamine content of food.

A biogenic amine formed during the breakdown of proteins, plays a role in immune reactions and digestion.

The inability of the body to properly break down histamine, which leads to its excessive accumulation and manifestations.

Substances that release histamine from cells, worsening the symptoms of HIT.

The second major enzyme responsible for breaking down histamine. Unlike DAO, it works inside cells within the brain, lungs, skin, and liver. It cannot be supplemented in capsule form.

Four types of sites in the body where histamine binds. Each type is located in different tissues and triggers different issues—explaining why histamine intolerance manifests with such a wide variety of symptoms.

An amino acid that is converted to histamine in the body. Its excess or poor processing can worsen HIT.

A biogenic amine produced by protein breakdown, similar to histamine, can worsen HIT symptoms.

A build-up of histamine in the body from various sources that exceeds tolerance and triggers symptoms.

Substances that the DAO enzyme needs to do its job, mainly copper and vitamin B6. Without them, the enzyme cannot work at full capacity, even if there is enough of it in the body.

Gluten is a mixture of plant proteins found in certain grains. In dough, it acts as a “binder” that gives it elasticity and lightness.

gluten

An enzyme that breaks down biogenic amines, such as tyramine or serotonin. It also completes the degradation of histamine after it has been processed by HNMT.

Limiting histamine-rich foods and histamine-releasing substances for people with histamine intolerance.

The amount of histamine the body can still break down without issues. It is not fixed and changes from day to day depending on health, medications, hormones, and stress.

A biogenic amine formed during the breakdown of proteins can worsen the symptoms of HIT.

The gradual inclusion of foods with a higher histamine content back into the diet after the elimination period.

DAO enzyme supplementation for better breakdown of dietary histamine in people with HIT.

DAO enzyme supplementation for better histamine breakdown in histamine intolerance.

An independent non-profit organization (Schweizerische Interessengemeinschaft Histamin-Intoleranz) that specializes in research, education and support for people suffering from histamine intolerance (HIT) and related disorders of mast cell metabolism.

A biogenic amine similar to histamine that may exacerbate HIT symptoms in susceptible individuals.

Immune system cells that release histamine and other mediators in response to HIT triggers.